Hinduism

1. "Liberation"; a release from this ordinary, finite, limited realm of existence into the infinite ocean of the divine.
2. Monism; "rivers, ponds, lakes, and oceans appear to be quite distinctive, yet they share a common essence: they all are made up of water."
3. Brahman is the essence of all things and Atman is the eternal self and they are both the ultimate reality.
4. Its an accessible point of contact to the divine
5. Its the "wheel of rebirth" or reincarnation
6. Bhagavad Gita
7. Karma is the moral law of cause and effect and Dharama is connected to social order
8. Brahmin are the priests, Kshatriya are the warriors and administrators, Vaishya are made up of producers, and Shudra are composed of servants and laborers.
9. Krishna says that we would be following his karma and that he will only be killing the bodies of the people he loved but not the souls that will reincarnate.
10. Student; intensive study of  the Vedas and other sacred texts. Household; when you take care of your family.  Forest Dweller; when the first grandchild is born and he retreats from the worldly bonds. Sannyasin; the wandering ascetic and when the forest dweller returns to the world but is still detached. 
11. Sensual Pleasure; legitimate aim of life. Material Sucess; artha which completes the desires that the sensual pleasures cant fulfill. Harmony with Dharama; having joy in following your ethical code. The Bliss of Moksha; infinite being and awareness
12. Karma Marga, "The Path of Works" is for the active. Jnana Marga, "The Path of Knowledge" is for the philosophical, Bhakti Marga, "The Path of Devotion" is for the emotional.
13. Vedanta; most faithful to the predominant monism of Hinduism. Sankhya; composed of two distinct categories: matter and an infinite number of eternal selves. Yoga; acknowledges the connection.
14. Vishnu, Shiva, Kali
15. An incarnation, or living embodiment, of a deity. Examples are Krishna and Rama
16. Bhagavad -Gita
17. Household and village rituals, holy places, and cow veneration
18. Mahatma Ghandi changed India and Hinduism with his efforts to stand up to oppression by using non-violence and civil disobedience.
19. Discrimination against different people in the caste system was banned.
20. The burning of a widow and it now forbidden although it still occurs rarely.
21. The Muslim community forced the partitioning of India to form Pakistan.